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| بمب کثیف |
بمب کثیفبمب کثیف نوعی سلاح انفجاری است که در آن از یک انفجار غیر هستهای برای پراکندن مواد پرتوزا و آلوده کردن محیط استفاده میشود. اگر چه در بمب کثیف از انفجار هستهای استفاده نمیشود اما به دلیل آلودن محیط به مواد رادیواکتیو گاه جزو سلاحهای هستهای به شمار میرود.
Category:بمبها
Category:جنگافزار هستهای
Category:تروریسم
ja:汚い爆弾
پرتوزادر مواد پرتوزا یا رادیو اکتیو فرایند پرتوزایی رخ میدهد.
پرتوزایی (رادیواکتیویته) به فرآیندی گفته میشود که به وسیله آن هستههای ناپایدار اتمی دچار تباهی میشوند. چنین فرایندی معمولاً یک تابش یونشونده با مقدار بالایی انرژی (کارمایه) پدید می آورد.
این انرژی را میتوان به صورت نیروی هستهای مهار کرد یا میتواند بوسیله آلودگی پرتوزایی در زیستبوم رها شود که بسیار مخاطره آمیز خواهد بود.
اگر هستهای بیش از اندازه نوترون داشته باشد (بیش از ۵/۱ برابر تعداد پروتون ها) ناپایدار میشود و زمینه برای تغییر در آن فراهم میآید هستهٔ ناپایدار برای رسیدن به پایداری متلاشی میشود به این فرآیند شکافت هستهای میگویند و ضمن تبدیل به هسته یا هستههایی کوچک تر و پایدارتر پرتوهای پرانرژی و خطرناکی را به اطراف پراکنده میکند چنین هستهای را پرتوزا یا رادیواکتیو میگویند.
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